Cancer is a Genetic Disease

Posted by ideviate on Feb 7, 2010 in Health, Science | 0 comments

The role of somatic mutations in cancer was debated for many years. Witkowski (1990) puts that historical debate in context with a comprehensive time line of developments in cancer research interleaved with developments in basic genetics and molecular biology.

Boveri (1914, 1929) often gets credit for the first comprehensive theory of somatic genetic changes in cancer progression (Wunderlich 2002). Tyzzer (1916) used the term “somatic mutation” to describe events in cancer progression. In the 1950s, Armitage and Doll (1954, 1957) cautiously described the stages of multistage progression as possibly resulting from somatic mutations but perhaps arising from other causes. Burdette (1955), in a comprehensive review of the role of genetic mutations in carcinogenesis, tended to oppose the central role of mutations in progression. In (1969), Fould’s extensive summary of cancer progression also downplayed the role of mutation.

Travel and tourism – Demand

Posted by ideviate on Feb 6, 2010 in Travel and Tourism | 0 comments

Business travel and tourism demand is influenced by a broad range of factors found in both the generating region and the destination. These factors tend to focus on the forces that will influence demand between a specific generating region and a particular destination. They also give an indication of the factors that will influence demand overall in any particular generating region. However, this is a highly generalized picture and specific factors will influence the demand for particular forms of business tourism such as incentive travel and training courses. Let us now look at how the market can be subdivided and segmented.

Travel and tourism – History

Posted by ideviate on Feb 5, 2010 in History, Travel and Tourism | 1 comment

Business travel and tourism is certainly not a new phenomenon. People have been travelling because of their work for many centuries. However, some forms of business tourism, such as incentive travel, are modern inventions.

Business travel and tourism originated with trade between communities. Once agriculture developed beyond the subsistence level in areas of Africa, Asia and Europe, thousands of years before Christ was born, communities began to trade agricultural products. This led to the growth of markets, and producers travelled sometimes hundreds of kilometres to take their produce to market. Then urban settlements began to grow and develop. These were home to artisans producing a range of products including clothes, tools and decorative arts. These were traded with the surrounding countryside for foodstuffs. However, they were also marketed further afield, particularly if they were of high quality or were made of materials not available in other countries. Archaeological evidence shows us that this trading often took goods thousands of kilometres from where they were made. The earliest business travellers were, therefore, artisans and small-scale traders.

How to sleep?

Posted by ideviate on Feb 5, 2010 in Health | 0 comments

In order to reduce the total amount of time you spend sleeping, you must increase the quality of your sleep first. Both light exposure and your activity levels affect your body temperature rhythm in a very big way. high intensity light has a huge effect on the strength of your sleeping system.

If you expose yourself to light during the day, your body temperature rhythm will “peak” at a higher point and will fall at a later point. You’ll experience better sleep and will be able to lower your amount of sleep. If you get inadequate light exposure your body temperature will be closer to “flat-lining”, preventing quality sleep and lowering your energy levels throughout the day. Lack of sunlight also inhibits melatonin hormone secretion, this further promotes lower energy levels and sleep difficulties.